graphene quantum dot-loaded nanoparticle  (Quantum Dot Inc)

Journal: Nanomaterials

Article Title: From 2D to 3D Cancer Cell Models—The Enigmas of Drug Delivery Research

doi: 10.3390/nano10112236

Figure Lengend Snippet: Overview of nanoparticle studies using the multicellular tumor spheroid (MCTS) model.

Article Snippet: Graphene quantum dot-loaded nanoparticle , 150 → 5 , RG2 , Brain cancer , L: pH sensitive compound functionalization SS: trigger disassembly = irradiation with NIR light , Penetration , [ ] .

Techniques: Activity Assay, Modification, Expressing, Irradiation, Polymer

Journal: Nanomaterials

Article Title: From 2D to 3D Cancer Cell Models—The Enigmas of Drug Delivery Research

doi: 10.3390/nano10112236

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effect of nanoparticle size ( A , B ) and charge ( C , D ) on penetration depth in spheroids. ( A ) Confocal images of 20 µm frozen sections of HCT116 spheroids after 24 h incubation with 30, 50 and 100 nm polystyrene nanoparticles. Scale bar: 100 µm. ( B ) The distribution of the different sized particles (30, 50 and 100 nm) across the spheroid, distinguishing the core, middle and rim. ( C ) Confocal images of 20 µm frozen sections of HCT116 spheroids after incubation with 50 nm polystyrene nanoparticles (unmodified, aminated and carboxylated polystyrene nanoparticles). Scale bar: 100 µm. ( D ) The distribution of the 50 nm particles with different surfaces (unmodified, aminated and carboxylated) across the spheroid, distinguishing the core, middle and rim (****, ** and * indicate p < 0.0001, p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). Adapted from Reference , with permission of American Chemical Society © 2020.

Article Snippet: Graphene quantum dot-loaded nanoparticle , 150 → 5 , RG2 , Brain cancer , L: pH sensitive compound functionalization SS: trigger disassembly = irradiation with NIR light , Penetration , [ ] .

Techniques: Incubation

Journal: Nanomaterials

Article Title: From 2D to 3D Cancer Cell Models—The Enigmas of Drug Delivery Research

doi: 10.3390/nano10112236

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Schematic representation of gene delivery by magnetic nanoparticles to 3D cell cultures seeded in a collagen matrix. ( B ) Z-stack image of 3D cell culture transfected with polyethyleneimine-coated superparamagnetic nanoparticles loaded with green fluorescent protein plasmid (PEI-coated SPMN/GFP) plasmid complexes for 3 h. Hoechst is shown in blue (first panel) while GFP transfected cells in green (second panel). Left hand scale: distance from the top of the culture. Adapted from Reference , with permission from American Chemical Society © 2020.

Article Snippet: Graphene quantum dot-loaded nanoparticle , 150 → 5 , RG2 , Brain cancer , L: pH sensitive compound functionalization SS: trigger disassembly = irradiation with NIR light , Penetration , [ ] .

Techniques: Cell Culture, Transfection, Plasmid Preparation

Journal: Nanomaterials

Article Title: From 2D to 3D Cancer Cell Models—The Enigmas of Drug Delivery Research

doi: 10.3390/nano10112236

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Scheme of nanoparticle diffusion in 3D SKOV-3 cells (ovarian cancer cell line) embedded in Matrigel ® that shows impeded access of nanoparticles to the SKOV-3 cancer cells due to the Matrigel ® presence. ( B ) Confocal images of SKOV-3 cells and nanoparticles in the Matrigel ® . ( C ) Quantification of nanoparticle diffusion distance and the related percentage of SKOV-3 cells accessed by the nanoparticles. The diffusion distance was indicated as 50% of the initial nanoparticle concentration away from the reservoir (orange line). The corresponding distance also reflected the percentage of cells the nanoparticles had access to (orange line). ( D ) The average values of the diffusion distance and the percentage of accessed cancer cells the nanoparticles for other nanoparticles with various design parameters. Adapted from reference , with permission from American Chemical Society © 2020.

Article Snippet: Graphene quantum dot-loaded nanoparticle , 150 → 5 , RG2 , Brain cancer , L: pH sensitive compound functionalization SS: trigger disassembly = irradiation with NIR light , Penetration , [ ] .

Techniques: Diffusion-based Assay, Concentration Assay

Journal: Nanomaterials

Article Title: From 2D to 3D Cancer Cell Models—The Enigmas of Drug Delivery Research

doi: 10.3390/nano10112236

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Confocal microscopy maximum projection of Z-stack sections, obtained by confocal microscopy, of HT1080 cells incubated with 44 nm and 100 nm nanoparticles (NPs) for 24 h in 3D collagen matrix. Cell nuclei are shown in blue, actin microfilaments in red, NPs in green and collagen fibers in grey. Scale bar: 10 µm. ( B ) Uptake kinetics of 44 nm and 100 nm NPs by human epidermal fibroblasts (HDF) cells during continuous exposure to the nanoparticles, as determined by spectrophotometric analysis. Data points and error bars represent the mean and standard deviation over three replicas. Adapted from Reference , with permission from Elsevier B.V. © 2020.

Article Snippet: Graphene quantum dot-loaded nanoparticle , 150 → 5 , RG2 , Brain cancer , L: pH sensitive compound functionalization SS: trigger disassembly = irradiation with NIR light , Penetration , [ ] .

Techniques: Confocal Microscopy, Incubation, Standard Deviation

Journal: Nanomaterials

Article Title: From 2D to 3D Cancer Cell Models—The Enigmas of Drug Delivery Research

doi: 10.3390/nano10112236

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Image of the microfluidic device demonstrating the channel dimensions and the immobilized spheroid in the imaging chamber. Scale bar left panel = 1000 μm, right panel = 100 μm. ( B ) Scheme ( left ) and image ( right ) of 40 nm fluorescent poly(ethyleneglycol)-coated nanoparticles (PEG-NPs) administered for 1 h at 50 μL h − 1 penetrating the spheroid and accumulating in the interstitial spaces (arrows). Scale bar = 100 μm ( C ) Schematic ( left ) and image ( right ) of 110 nm fluorescent PEG-NPs administered for 1 h at 50 μL h − 1 being not penetrating the spheroid. Scale bar = 100 μm. Adapted from Reference , with permission from Nature © 2020.

Article Snippet: Graphene quantum dot-loaded nanoparticle , 150 → 5 , RG2 , Brain cancer , L: pH sensitive compound functionalization SS: trigger disassembly = irradiation with NIR light , Penetration , [ ] .

Techniques: Imaging

Journal: Nanomaterials

Article Title: From 2D to 3D Cancer Cell Models—The Enigmas of Drug Delivery Research

doi: 10.3390/nano10112236

Figure Lengend Snippet: Overview of 3D model systems, their respective advantages and disadvantages and what knowledge they can provide in nanoparticle research.

Article Snippet: Graphene quantum dot-loaded nanoparticle , 150 → 5 , RG2 , Brain cancer , L: pH sensitive compound functionalization SS: trigger disassembly = irradiation with NIR light , Penetration , [ ] .

Techniques: Diffusion-based Assay, In Vivo